This course explores the trade relations between North Africa and the African Southern Sahara. It also examines the spread of Islam and the emergence of Islamic entities ( 11th 15th centuries) such as the kingdom of Ghana, the kingdom of Mali, the Sultanate of Kanum and Alburno. It also discusses the States of Sanghai and Hausa in the period after the 15th century in addition to the colonization and missionary efforts in Africa, the pholanians and the Jihad movement in the 18th century, the reform and liberation movements and the establishment of contemporary nations.